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Milton Friedman’s assertion in his 1970 New York Times article that the social responsibility of every enterprise was to maximise profit led to a singular focus on shareholder value and the financial capital that supported it. But a sense developed that shareholder value growth was coming at the expense of other stakeholders and so was not truly value-creative in an holistic sense. A more complete assessment of value creation was clearly needed; one that explicitly considered extra-financial risks and opportunities. Various monikers have been tried over the years, but ‘ESG’, Environmental, Social and Governance, has today become established as the prevailing industry term.