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4 minutes to read by  Équipe Actions nord-américaines RBCJ.Schok, CFA Jan 21, 2025

Le contexte actuel est particulièrement favorable aux placements aurifères, et cette catégorie d’actif prouve une fois de plus pourquoi elle séduit autant les investisseurs à long terme. Que ce soit à titre de couverture contre l’inflation, d’outil de diversification ou de protection contre une volatilité accrue sur les marchés, l’or montre pourquoi il mérite une place dans de nombreux portefeuilles à l’heure actuelle.

Pourquoi les placements aurifères gagnent-ils en popularité en 2024 ?

L’or a toujours occupé une place particulière dans le domaine des placements, mais il a connu un regain de popularité en 2024. Tandis que les marchés boursiers mondiaux faisaient les manchettes, en particulier les actions du S&P 500 et des « sept magnifiques », l’or et les actions liées à l’or ont discrètement dominé. Depuis le début de l’année, ils ont progressé de plus de 30 %. (Sources : RBC GMA, Bloomberg, au 27 septembre 2024) Ce rendement est attribuable à plusieurs facteurs uniques.

  • La décision de la Réserve fédérale américaine de réduire les taux d’intérêt en 2024. Des taux d’intérêt faibles ou en baisse ont toujours favorisé une hausse des prix de l’or, puisque le coût d’opportunité lié à la détention d’or diminue.

  • Comme son prix est établi en dollars américains partout dans le monde, l’or profite souvent d’une dépréciation du billet vert, car il devient plus accessible aux acheteurs internationaux.

  • L’incertitude et les conflits géopolitiques ont tendance à faire croître la demande d’actifs refuges comme l’or, étant donné que les investisseurs recherchent de la stabilité en période de turbulences.

Outre ces facteurs, les banques centrales ont augmenté leurs réserves d’or au début de l’année. À cela se sont ajoutés d’importants achats d’or physique en Asie, où le métal jaune demeure une réserve de valeur privilégiée. Plus récemment, une résurgence des achats de FNB aurifères a stimulé la demande.

Pourquoi l’or est-il considéré comme une catégorie d’actif ?

L’or présente très peu de caractéristiques communes avec les actions et les obligations traditionnelles et, essentiellement, il est considéré comme un actif refuge. Les actifs refuges sont ce vers quoi les investisseurs se tournent en période de forte volatilité ou lorsque les préoccupations quant à la possibilité d’une récession de l’économie s’intensifient.

Une autre caractéristique unique de l’or est qu’il constitue une réserve de valeur sûre depuis des siècles. Il représente donc une option attrayante pour ceux qui cherchent à protéger leur patrimoine au fil du temps. L’or est également considéré comme offrant une excellente protection à long terme contre l’inflation, un sujet de préoccupation pour de nombreux investisseurs récemment. Alors que l’inflation peut éroder le pouvoir d’achat des monnaies papier, la valeur de l’or a tendance à se maintenir ou à augmenter en période inflationniste. Ainsi, l’or offre une protection contre l’inflation à long terme.

Qui plus est, l’un des atouts de l’or est sa faible corrélation avec les catégories d’actif traditionnelles. Un placement aurifère modeste dans un portefeuille équilibré peut procurer de puissants avantages en matière de diversification.

Quelles sont les perspectives pour l’or ?

De nombreux analystes demeurent optimistes à l’égard de l’or et des actions aurifères. Les pièces du casse-tête qui ont entraîné la progression de l’or au cours de la dernière année – modifications des politiques monétaires, tensions géopolitiques et croissance de la demande mondiale – devraient rester en place dans un avenir prévisible. Bien que personne ne s’attende à ce que le prix de l’or augmente en ligne droite, le contexte général semble favorable à une vigueur soutenue du marché de l’or.

En fait, l’or a récemment atteint un sommet historique, à plus de 2 700 $ US l’once, et a été l’une des catégories d’actif les plus performantes cette année. (Sources : RBC GMA, Bloomberg, au 30 octobre 2024) Malgré cette reprise impressionnante, plusieurs facteurs devraient selon nous soutenir ces niveaux de prix, voire des niveaux plus élevés, à l’approche de la nouvelle année. Nous nous attendons notamment à ce que les banques centrales continuent de réduire leurs taux d’intérêt, ce qui est favorable au prix de l’or. La hausse des niveaux d’endettement nous semble également de bon augure pour cette catégorie d’actif. Et même si le dollar américain s’est bien comporté au cours de la dernière décennie, nous sommes portés à croire que nous approchons de la fin du cycle actuel. L’or a tendance à bien réagir aux conflits géopolitiques et il ne semble pas y avoir de solution immédiate à ces problèmes non plus. 

Certes, l’or fait face à des risques, comme des variations potentielles des taux d’intérêt ou des changements d’humeur des investisseurs, mais les perspectives globales demeurent favorables. Pour les investisseurs qui cherchent à se protéger contre l’incertitude, à diversifier leurs portefeuilles ou tout simplement à tirer parti d’un potentiel de hausse, l’or demeure un choix intéressant et pertinent.

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