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{{ formattedDuration }} to watch by  D.Mitchell, CFA, S.Cheah, MBA, CFA Sep 16, 2025

Dan Mitchell discusses the key drivers behind the U.S. dollar's decline, including softer employment numbers, Fed rate cut expectations, and concerns over inflation. He also covers the implications for global currencies such as the euro, yen, pound, and emerging market currencies. Soo Boo Cheah offers insights into the sovereign bond market, highlighting the income potential of government bonds, the steepening yield curve, and the factors influencing long-term bond yields.

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View transcript

Quels sont les facteurs à l’origine du déclin du dollar américain, et quelles seront les répercussions sur les devises mondiales ?

Dan Mitchell

La grande question du moment, aussi bien pour nous que pour les marchés des changes, concerne le sort du dollar américain. C’est un débat important, car lorsque le dollar chute comme il l’a fait cette année, les autres monnaies du monde ont tendance à se redresser. En ce début de tendance baissière du dollar américain, les négociateurs accordent moins d’importance aux facteurs propres aux pays qu’aux fluctuations du billet vert.

C’est ce qui influera sur les rendements liés au taux de change pendant les prochaines années. À ce jour, le dollar a cédé près de 10 % en 2025. Il a chuté pendant chacun des six premiers mois de l’année, et s’est déprécié par rapport à la plupart des devises des marchés émergents et développés. En juillet, il a fait une courte pause avant de repartir vers le bas. Ensuite, l’un des principaux facteurs à l’origine de cette dégringolade est le fléchissement des données sur l’emploi,

qui laisse espérer une ou deux baisses des taux de la part de la Réserve fédérale cette année, conjugué à l’impression grandissante que la banque centrale américaine perd de son indépendance alors que la Maison-Blanche tente de la forcer à assouplir la politique monétaire. Les investisseurs en obligations et en devises craignent de plus en plus que l’inflation structurellement élevée réduise le pouvoir d’achat du dollar. C’est pourquoi les taux des obligations à long terme augmentent, même si la Fed est sur le point de baisser les taux.

En gros, les investisseurs exigent maintenant un rendement plus élevé en compensation du risque d’inflation. Et c’est aussi pourquoi les prix de l’or sont à la hausse. Nous pensons que l’euro, le yen et la livre continueront de profiter de la chute du dollar tant que la crédibilité des banques centrales sera en jeu. Le dollar canadien s’appréciera lui aussi. Mais n’oublions pas que ces devises se sont déjà fortement redressées.

Et elles ont aussi leurs problèmes spécifiques. Un dysfonctionnement politique en France, des problèmes budgétaires au Royaume-Uni, et une certaine incertitude commerciale au Canada où des renégociations avec les États-Unis sont attendues l’an prochain. Nous soupçonnons que les devises des marchés émergents pourraient offrir un meilleur rendement lorsque le billet vert s’affaiblira l’an prochain. Nous pensons donc que les investisseurs auraient intérêt à couvrir leurs positions en dollars américains dans leurs portefeuilles.

Et nous pensons également qu’il vaut la peine de diversifier ses placements à l’aide d’un plus large éventail de devises qui pourraient surpasser le huard. Alors que nous sommes au début de cette phase de faiblesse du dollar américain.

Quelles sont vos perspectives pour le marché des obligations souveraines ?

Soo Boo Cheah

Nous croyons que le segment des obligations d’État offre en ce moment un potentiel de revenu intéressant. Sur le marché actuel, les investisseurs attendent que la Réserve fédérale américaine reprenne son cycle de baisse des taux, compte tenu des signes d’affaiblissement du marché du travail. La première réduction est attendue en septembre. Cela dit, le changement est déjà pris en compte par le marché obligataire.

En rétrospective, depuis l’élection de Donald Trump, les taux des obligations à court terme ont chuté tandis que les taux des obligations à long terme sont restés élevés. En y regardant de plus près, on constate que les prévisions de taux directeurs à long terme se sont avérées remarquablement stables, demeurant autour de 4 % ces deux dernières années. Cette stabilité donne à penser que les investisseurs tablent sur une nouvelle réalité économique dans la foulée de la pandémie. Néanmoins, la courbe des taux s’est considérablement accentuée cette année.

Les investisseurs exigent une prime de risque élevée en contrepartie de leurs positions en obligations à long terme, notamment en raison d’un endettement élevé, voire de l’érosion de l’indépendance de la Fed. Cette situation devrait maintenir une courbe de rendement accentuée, y compris lorsque les baisses de taux se feront jour. Faisons un résumé. Compte tenu de la stabilité des prévisions de taux directeur à long terme, des taux réels élevés et de la forte inclinaison de la courbe des taux, nous sommes d’avis que les investisseurs reçoivent une compensation généreuse en contrepartie du risque lié aux titres du Trésor. En bref, les obligations d’État procurent un revenu raisonnable accompagné d’un potentiel de gains en capital. Nous sommes d’avis que les placements en obligations d’État devraient surpasser les liquidités.

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