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{{ formattedDuration }} to watch by  Timothy Ash Jan 17, 2025

Dans cette vidéo, Tim Ash, premier stratégiste, Titres d’État, Marchés émergents, BlueBay, examine les principales répercussions de la géopolitique sur les marchés en 2024, ainsi que les perspectives du contexte géopolitique en 2025. Principaux points :

  • Conséquences de la nouvelle administration de Donald Trump en matière d’affaires étrangères

  • Probabilité de résolution des conflits au Moyen-Orient et en Ukraine

  • Pression commerciale et tarifaire sur la Chine et incidence sur le marché mondial

Watch time: {{ formattedDuration }}

View transcript

L’année dernière, les principaux conflits géopolitiques ont été la guerre du Moyen-Orient à Gaza et son prolongement au Liban.

La gestion de cette situation et les préoccupations au sujet du risque d’escalade, c’est-à-dire la possibilité qu’une guerre éclate, ou aurait pu éclater, entre les États-Unis et Israël et l’Iran, englobent l’impact du Golfe sur les marchés du pétrole et des marchandises. Et puis l’autre conflit, une fois de plus la poursuite de la guerre en Ukraine et les conséquences, encore une fois, pour les marchés mondiaux.

Nous n’avons constaté aucune escalade de l’un ou l’autre de ces conflits, bien que la situation à Gaza et au Liban soit particulièrement désastreuse pour les gens qui y vivent. Mais la guerre dans la région n’est pas à grande échelle, ce qui aurait été épouvantable à mon avis pour les marchés mondiaux.

Voilà donc le bon côté de la médaille. Je répète toutefois que les habitants de Gaza, du Liban et de l’Ukraine souffrent énormément. Malheureusement, la guerre se poursuit et, une fois de plus, les victimes sont nombreuses dans les deux camps, mais aucune escalade généralisée amenant l’intervention d’autres acteurs n’est à signaler.

Les risques géopolitiques pour l’année à venir sont tous liés à l’élection aux États-Unis et à ses résultats. De toute évidence, Donald Trump en est le grand vainqueur. En ce qui concerne les affaires étrangères, il a mis beaucoup de cartes sur la table, et nous avons tous du mal à lire dans son jeu et à comprendre où il veut en venir.

En ce qui a trait aux conflits qui ont marqué le monde au cours de la dernière année, M. Trump a laissé entendre qu’il voulait y mettre fin. Je parle encore une fois des guerres qui se déroulent au Moyen-Orient et en Ukraine.

Je ne sais pas comment il va s’y prendre. La situation est vraiment compliquée dans les deux cas. Il va de soi que le conflit au Moyen-Orient est vieux de plusieurs décennies et qu’il n’a pas commencé le 7 octobre. En Ukraine, nous sommes également témoins d’un conflit solidement enraciné dont l’origine est antérieure à l’invasion à grande échelle et qui remonte peut-être à il y a dix ans, soit lors de l’annexion de la Crimée. À vrai dire, personne ne sait quelles sont les intentions de Donald Trump.

À mon avis, les deux conflits sont délicats, de même que les défis propres aux relations avec la Chine qui, je suppose, représente le principal risque, ou la préoccupation majeure, pour les États-Unis.

Il s’agit d’exercer une pression maximale sur la Russie pour qu’elle s’amène à la table des négociations avec l’Ukraine.

Ensuite, une pression maximale sur l’Iran pour qu’elle mette au pas ses alliés dans la région. Je pense évidemment au Hezbollah, aux houthistes du Yémen et à une forme d’accord global. Mais selon moi, ce sera difficile, d’autant plus que certains des alliés des États-Unis dans la région, en particulier les États du Golfe, ont adopté depuis quelques années une démarche différente qui a consisté à tendre la main à l’Iran. Donc, ils ne sont pas particulièrement en faveur de cette politique de pression maximale sur l’Iran.

Aussi, pour en revenir à la guerre de Gaza, il s’avère que les nominations faites par Donald Trump laissent entrevoir une politique pro-israélienne intransigeante. Par conséquent, on ne sait pas vraiment si certaines des questions sous-jacentes qui sont sans doute à l’origine des problèmes actuels dans la région seront réellement abordées. La question palestinienne semble être passée sous silence.

Qu’est-ce que cela signifie pour la stabilité régionale ? Encore une fois, qu’arrivera-t-il à la relation entre les États du Golfe et les États-Unis en particulier ? Lors des derniers mois, les États du Golfe ont beaucoup insisté sur les droits des Palestiniens. Tout cela est loin d’être clair. Donald Trump fait d’énormes promesses, mais je pense qu’il lui sera très difficile de les tenir.

En ce qui concerne la Chine, la pression maximale sera de nouveau une question prioritaire, les tarifs douaniers et le commerce étant évidemment les sujets de préoccupation. Quelles seront les conséquences pour l’économie mondiale ? Probablement un affaiblissement de la croissance, moins d’échanges commerciaux et plus de difficultés. À mon avis, pour l’économie mondiale en général.

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